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Cynthia Dwork (born 1958) is an American computer scientist and a Distinguished Scientist at Microsoft Research. She is known for her research placing privacy-preserving data analysis on a mathematically rigorous foundation, including the co-invention of differential privacy, a strong privacy guarantee frequently permitting highly accurate data analysis (with McSherry, Nissim, and Smith, 2006). Dwork has also made contributions in cryptography and distributed computing, and is a recipient of the Edsger W. Dijkstra Prize for her early work on the foundations of fault-tolerant systems. Her contributions in cryptography include Non-Malleable Cryptography (with Dolev and Naor, 1991), the first lattice-based cryptosystem (with Ajtai, 1997), which was also the first public-key cryptosystem for which breaking a random instance is as hard as solving the hardest instance of the underlying mathematical problem ("worst-case/average-case equivalence"), and the idea of, and a technique for, combating e-mail spam by requiring a proof of computational effort, also known as Proof-of-work, (with Naor, 1992). This is the technology underlying hashcash and bitcoin. She was elected as a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS) in 2008,〔(Academy Announces 2008 Class of Fellows ).〕〔(Cynthia Dwork '79 elected to American Academy of Arts and Sciences ).〕 and as a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2008,〔(National Academy of Engineering: Dr. Cynthia Dwork ).〕 and as a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2014. She received the Dijkstra Prize in 2007 for her work on consensus problems together with Nancy Lynch and Larry Stockmeyer.〔PODC web site: (Dijkstra Prize 2007 ).〕〔.〕 In 2009 she won the PET Award for Outstanding Research in Privacy Enhancing Technologies.〔(PET Award for Outstanding Research in Privacy Enhancing Technologies: Past Winners )〕 Dwork received her B.S.E. from Princeton University in 1979, graduating Cum Laude, and receiving the Charles Ira Young Award for Excellence in Independent Research. Dwork received her Ph.D. from Cornell University in 1983. Her advisor was John Hopcroft.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=92899 )〕 ==Publications== * — this paper received the Dijkstra Prize in 2007. * 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cynthia Dwork」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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